Publilius Syrus

Publilius Syrus, known to many as the "father of maxims" was a Syrian playwright, philosopher, and writer in the 1st century BC. He is best known for his extensive collection of maxims which are still widely used in modern times. The maxims of Publilius Syrus focus on good conduct, wisdom, and the power of insight that humans can use to live their best lives.

Though the works of Publilius Syrus can be seen as a source of comfort, guidance, and inspiration for many, his life was rather mysterious and his existence was unknown until the Renaissance period. All of his known works were discovered several hundred years after his lifetime.

Publilius Syrus is believed to have been born in Syria in 85 BC as the son of a slave woman and her master. His name translates to “ freeman” in Latin, which suggests he was freed at some point. What we do know is that Publilius Syrus wrote and lectured extensively, and his length works were translated into many different languages.

His works have mainly been of interest to traditional Latin students since his name is not mentioned in ancient canonical works. However, his works have seen considerable attention in recent years, placing him among the most renowned classical Latin authors. The most renowned works of Publilius Syrus are his collections of maxims and proverbs, which cover subjects such as learning, student behavior, military conduct, and wisdom. They offer insight into the Roman Stoic view of life and are still referenced today as a source of wisdom.

His best-known maxim is “Fortune favors the bold” which encourages individuals to take risks and not settle for mediocrity. Publilius Syrus wrote extensively on different types of wisdom. He believed in not following the dictates of fate, instead advocating for free will and autonomy. He also stressed the importance of good conduct and educating yourself on moral and ethical behavior. He often referred to death as the ultimate teacher, claiming that after death one can finally understand the all-encompassing wisdom of life.

Publilius Syrus was also a playwright, writing several poems and tragedies. His tragedy “534BC: The Fall of Troy”, often referred to as the "Original Historia Troiana", was a great work that chronicled the fall of Troy from the perspective of those who lived through it.

Other works by Publilius Syrus include “Oedipus,” about the tragic story of Oedipus and the Sphinx; “The Iliad,” about the ten-year war between the Greeks and the Trojans for control of Troy; and “Those That Mock Us As They Pass By,” about how ridicule and criticism from others can lead to one's downfall.

Publilius Syrus was a controversial figure who has both been celebrated and condemned for his works. While some view his works as progressive and inspiring, others argue he was a moral relativist and unjustly praised those who lack appropriate self-control.

Despite the criticism, Publilius Syrus had a lasting impact on Latin literature and culture and continues to be a source of comfort and influence for many. His works are reminders of the importance of moral behavior, justice, and the power of autonomous and collective effort. They remain a reminder of the wisdom of Publilius Syrus and how we should strive to live our best lives.