Friendship: The Evolution, Biology, and Extraordinary Power of Life's Fundamental Bond by Lydia Denworth

The often overlooked but essential bond between human beings known as friendship, is a subject that cannot be accurately addressed with one simple definition, instead delving deep into the evolution and science of this seemingly illusive phenomenon. How is it that humans can spark mutual relationships, without any benefit or evolutionary advantage present? Author Lydia Denworth, known as an award-winning science writer, seeks to explore this topic in her book, Friendship: The Evolution, Biology and Extraordinary Power of Life’s Fundamental Bond. Through both history and scientific research, Denworth introduces the readers to the enthralling history and biochemistry of the social bond known as friendship.

Starting with history, Denworth illuminates friendship in art and literature, pointing out notable figures in the classic works of literature such as Virgil, Cicero and Michel de Montaigne. As civilization and culture evolves, so do the dynamics of friendship, providing evidence as friendship has transformed over time and place. Research has found that “Men shared friendships more common in ancient Greece, and women shared friendships more common in medieval Europe” (Denworth). Be further proof of the evolution of this bond, particularly seen in woman-to-woman friendships. These examples are indicative of the way cultures used to perceive friendship.

The author then turns to the science of friendship, exploring theories that attempt to explain why humans have such a strong drive to form social bonds. Denworth examines examples such as the “biological advantages of forming friendship with one another” which in turn activates areas in the brain that are responsible for releasing hormones that can create positive feelings (Denworth). Denworth has found evidence of the “complex alchemy of friendship that involve four main elements: feeling connected to your friend, feeling accepted and liked, friendliness, and trust” (Denworth). These elements create a feedback loop that activates the reward circuit in the brain, aiding in evolutionary survival by building networks of protective and supportive relationships outside of the family circle.

A remarkable feature of Denworth’s book is the comprehensive view of friendship types, specifically focusing on two categories: individuals who maintain strong single-person friendships and those who have multiple social networks. While individuals with only one single-person friendship might experience less time interacting with friends overall, they are still able to build a deep, supportive relationship through conversation, activities, and other interactions. For those who have multiple social networks, they may be more active in social interaction and bonding while experiencing less secured isolated bonds.

Denworth also speaks to the power of friendships on health and overall wellbeing, asserting that those who have strong social bonds have an increased sense of purpose in life, and are less likely to suffer from physical and mental ailments. Those who are able to connect with others are also likely to live longer and report fewer cases of depression. The author furthers this exploration with the examination of other animals and their social relationships. Denworth points out that different species display different forms of sociality, highlighting the universal importance of having companionship on a biological level.

Ultimately, Friendship: The Evolution, Biology, and Extraordinary Power of Life’s Fundamental Bond is an expansive look at one of the least examined forms of social connection of our time. Denworth’s personal and scientific analysis of the importance of friendship, its evolution over time, and its influence on physical and mental wellbeing. While the book expands upon many of the known facts about friendship, this definitive guide by Denworth is an in-depth exploration of the various aspects of this powerful bond.