The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century by Thomas Friedman

The World Is Flat, a release by Thomas Friedman published in 2005, is a book examining the effects of globalization on the developed world. In it, Friedman delves into the idea that because of the advancements in technology, and our ability to use them both inside and outside of countries, the world is becoming “smaller,” hence the term “the world is flat.” This book offers an in-depth and expansive look at the history of the 21st century, with a focus on the “flattening” that is occurring.

The book starts with an outline of the 10 “flatteners” of globalization; these are the forces that have made the world smaller or “flatter,” and have contributed to the change in the way people interact, collaborate, and communicate. These 10 flatteners are: The fall of the Berlin Wall, Netscape, Workflow software, Open source software, Digital Platforms, and Outsourcing, to give a few examples. With each, Friedman gives an explanation as to how they work, what they do, and how they have had an effect on society and the world at large.

To follow, Friedman dives into case studies from India and China, and the effects of globalization on their own local cultures within those countries. He then looks at the outcomes for both individual countries and on a global scale caused by this “flattening.” The book also examines the positive and negative inherent with this globalization and individualization of the world, and what challenges it has posed for corporations, nations and people alike.

Friedman also touches on the topics of globalization’s effects on education, with an argument for increased integration of STEM curriculum in all aspects of a person’s learning. Friedman presents the idea, supported by research, that tools of technology (specifically the 10 flatteners) had a profound impact on our ability to be better in tune with, and able to compete in, a “flatter” world.

The book looks at the rise of entrepreneurship in the world, and how it had been made possible through these flatteners. He looks at many businesses in this light, and offers insights on how technology is changing the corporate landscape, and an individual’s life right along with it.

The World Is Flat wraps up with a look at the world’s future given the current state of globalization. Friedman argues that the world economy is heading toward a state of constant change and growth, and that those who can successfully use the 10 flatteners of globalization will be at an advantage. He concludes with a reminder of the necessity for everyone to use the tools of technology, such as the internet and open source software, to their advantage, or else be left behind—to ensure everyone has an opportunity to study, learn, and grow in a “flatter” world.

In conclusion, The World Is Flat serves as an important examination of the institution of globalization, and the changes that have come with it. It offers both insight into our own history, and a look at the future of a flattened world. It is a great introduction to the processes that have shaped the world in the 21st century and serve as a launching point into a deeper understanding of globalization, its effects, and its possibilities.